Citation Note


The citation style I use here is my own. I think both the APA (American Psychological Association) and MLA (Modern Language Association) citation styles are too artificial and pedantic for general use. In acknowledging sources, it is better to follow the natural conventions of the English language. In a conversation, for example, we do not refer to a literary work in this way, “Mitchell, Margaret. Gone With the Wind. What City: Publisher, 1936.” Instead we say, “Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell,” because this is the convention of the English language. If more details are needed, then we can add information about the publisher, and the date a particular edition was published. This is usually enough information to find the work. Naming (one of) the cities where the publisher keeps a few offices is not necessary. Also, I think some authors might be insulted if constantly referred to, in a conversation, as, for example, “Smith, John J.,” so why do it in a literary citation? The only reason for this kind of pendanticism is to enable a certain kind of intellectual to show proof of intelligence by correctly repeating the literary citation ritual. In literary works, inscrutability in any form has no place (except when the author wishes to cover up a general lack of understanding of the subject).

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22 August 1999


Copyright © 1999 by George A. Fisher